When choosing a Customer Id from the Select List and clicking the Search Button, the Report will be refreshed through a Dynamic Action.
BUT: The chosen Customer Id is not used as Filter, although it is used in the SQL Query.
Switching on DEBUG and clicking the Search Button shows, that the Report is actually refreshed and it also shows the executed SQL Query, where we can see a reference of P4_CUSTOMER_ID.
What the Debug Output doesn't show, is a value for P4_CUSTOMER_ID, because it is NULL.
Checking the Session State of P4_CUSTOMER_ID through click on "Session" in the Developer Toolbar confirms that the value isn't set.
The Solution to this problem is specifying P4_CUSTOMER_ID in "Page Items to Submit" in the Report.
After doing that, you can see the session state is changed when clicking the search button.